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Journal of Communication Inquiry
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Article

More Than Just Free Content: Motivations of Peer-to-Peer File Sharers

Mark Cenite*, Michelle Wanzheng Wang, Chong Peiwen, and Germaine Shimin Chan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tmark{at}ntu.edu.sg.


  Abstract
This study explores file sharers’ reported motivations for downloading and uploading content on peer-to-peer networks, including ethical obligations guiding file sharing. Drawing on Lessig’s classification of purposes of file sharing and Giesler’s theoretical framework of gifting systems, 40 in-depth interviews were conducted with file sharers in Singapore using a standard protocol, then transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Downloading is perceived as an alternative through which users satisfy desires that existing markets do not meet. Respondents reported downloading to avoid long waits for content to arrive in Singapore; to access difficult-to-find and censored content; to sample content, including content outside their usual tastes; and because downloading is convenient and free. Respondents reported a norm of reciprocity and sense of community that motivated them to upload and an obligation to purchase content they liked. Implications for understanding and combating file sharing during the inevitable transition to other business models are discussed.

First published on April 10, 2009, doi:10.1177/0196859909333697

Journal of Communication Inquiry 2009;33:206.

A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2009

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